“A catalog of American idealism that will be not only informative to students seeking research material but also inspirational to those who feel left out.” School Library Journal
“Well–written, well–constructed and addresses an aspect of American history that is often overlooked. ... The set's definition of counterculture is refreshingly generous, including people and movements in religion, fashion, music, politics, art, literature, and popular culture. Also refreshing is the breadth of history covered, acknowledging the existence of counterculture movements outside the 1960s. Highly recommended. Lower–level undergraduates through faculty/researchers; general readers.” –– Choice
“A unique reference that pulls together disparate elements of our historic nonconformity. By doing so it helps provide clarity and definition to just how deeply countercultures are woven into the American fabric. In addition, it is one of those references that, while being useful and fact filled, is also fascinating to read and fun to browse. ... Well suited to general audiences and public libraries will want to consider it along with undergraduate libraries. A strong complement to another M.E. Sharpe reference the Encyclopedia of American Social Movements.” Against the Grain
Description: The term “counterculture” refers to any intentional departure from conventional values and practices or the dominant lifestyles of the day. This is the first reference work to examine the impact of countercultural movements on American social history, from colonial times to the present. American Countercultures is a useful supplement throughout the U.S. History curriculum. It highlights the writings, recordings, and visual works produced by these movements to educate, inspire, and incite action in all eras of the nation's history. A–Z entries provide a wealth of information on personalities, places, events, concepts, beliefs, groups, and practices.
Contents
Introduction:American Countercultures–Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History
A–Z Entries
Primary Documents
Master Bibliography
Filmography
A–Z Entries
Abbey, Edward
Abolitionism
Abraham Lincoln Brigade
Absinthe
Abstract Expressionism
Acid Rock
Advertising
African Americans
Afrocentrism
Alcoholics Anonymous
Alcott, Amos Bronson
Algonquin Round Table
Ali, Muhammad
Alice's Restaurant
Alison, Francis
Altamont Free Concert
Amana Society
American Indian Movement
Amish
Amphetamines and Speed Freaks
Anarchism
Anarchist Cookbook, The
Anderson, Laurie
Anderson, Margaret
Andrews, Stephen Pearl
Anti–Freemasonry
Anti–Globalization Movement
Antinomianism
Apocalypse Culture
Apple Computer
Armory Show
Ashcan School
Asian Pride
Astrology
Atheism
Aurora Commune
Austin, Texas
Baby Boomers
Backus, Isaac
Baez, Joan
Baker, Chet
Baker, Josephine
Baldwin, James
Baldwin, Roger
Baraka, Amiri
Barnes, Djuna
Barnum, P.T.
Beach, Sylvia
Beat Generation
Beatles, The
Bebop
Be–Ins
Bellamy, Edward
Ben & Jerry's
Berkeley, California
Berkman, Alexander
Berlin Heights Commune
Berrigan, Daniel, and Philip Berrigan
Bethel Commune
Bicycles
Bierce, Ambrose
Biker Culture
Birth Control Pill
Black Arts Movement
Black Mountain College
Black Muslims
Black Panthers
Black Power Movement
Blavatsky, Helena
Bloggers
Blue Man Group
Blues Music
Body Arts
Bohemianism
Bookstores, Alternative
Boton Marriages
Bowery B'hoys and G'hals
Bowie, David
Branch Davidians
Brando, Marlon
Brautigan, Richard
Brisbane, Albert
Broadside
Brook Farm
Brown, H. Rap
Brown Berets
Brownson, Orestes
Bruce, Lenny
Buddhism
Bukowski, Charles
Buntline, Ned
Burning Man Festival
Burns, Otway
Burroughs, William S.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Carlin, George
Carmichael, Stokely
Carroll, Jim
Carson, Rachel
Cash, Johnny
Castaneda, Carlos
Catcher in the Rye, The
Catholic Worker Movement
CBGB
Cedar Tavern
Chautauqua Movement
Chávez, César
Cheech and Chong
Chelsea Hotel
Cherry Lane Theatre
Chicago Seven
Chicano Moratorium
Chicano Movement
Chicano Theater
Chick, Jack
Chomsky, Noam
Christian Science
Circus and Carnival Culture
City College of New York
City Lights Books
Civil Rights Movement
Claflin, Tennessee
Clapp, Henry
Clare, Ada
Cocaine
Coffeehouses
COINTELPRO
Collins, Judy
Columbia University
Come–Outers
Comics, Underground
Communes
Communism
Communitarianism
Con Artists
Conceptual Art
Conroy, Jack
Conscientious Objectors, Draft Dodgers, and Deserters
Consciousness Raising
Conspiracy Theories
Cooperatives, Consumer
Cooperatives, Producer
Coyote, Peter
Crumb, Robert
Cults
Cummings, E.E.
Cushman, Charlotte
Cyberpunk
Daughters of Bilitis
Davis, Andrew Jackson
Davis, Angela
Davis, Miles
Dean, James
Debs, Eugene V.
Deep Ecology
Deganawidah
Delany, Martin R.
Democratic Party
Dial, The
Dick, Philip K.
Disco
Doonesbury
Douglass, Frederick
Draft, Military
Drag
Drifters
Drug Culture
Du Bois, W.E.B.
Dyer, Mary
Dylan, Bob
East Village, New York City
Eastman, Max, and Crystal Eastman
Easy Rider
Eckankar
Ecstasy
Electrical Bananas
Ellison, Harlan
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
Emo and Hardcore
Encounter Groups
Environmentalism
Ephrata Cloister
Erhard Seminars Training (est)
Esalen Institute
Eugene, Oregon
Evergreen Review
Existentialism
Exorcism
Extrasensory Perception and Parapsychology
Farm, The
Farmers' Alliance
Fashion
Father Divine
Federal Art Project
Federal Theatre Project
Federal Writers' Project
Feminism, First–Wave
Feminism, Second–Wave
Feminism, Third–Wave
Feminism, Social Justice
Ferlinghetti, Lawrence
Fetish Culture
Film, Cult
Film, Hollywood
Film, Independent
Fitzgerald, F. Scott
Fitzgerald, Zelda
Flappers and Flapper Culture
Flower Children
Folk Music
Foster, Charles H.
Fox, Kate, Leah Fox, and Margaret Fox
Freaks, Freak Shows, and Freakatoriums
Free Love
Free Speech Movement
Free Universities
Freemasonry
Friedan, Betty
Fruitlands
Fugs, The
Fuller, Margaret
Fuller, R. Buckminster
Fundamentalism, Christian
Gangs and Gang Culture
Gangsta Rap
Gangsters
Garrison, William Lloyd
Garvey, Marcus
Gay Liberation Movement
Gaye, Marvin
Generation Gap
Generation X
Generation Y
Ghost Dance
Ginsberg, Allen
Glam Rock
Goldman, Emma
Gonzales, Rodolfo “Corky”
Gonzo Journalism
Gorton, Samuel
Goth Culture
Graffiti
Graham, Sylvester
Grange, National
Grateful Dead
Gray Panthers
Great Depression
Greeley, Horace
Green Party
Greening of America, The
Greenwich Village, New York City
Gregory, Dick
Groupies
Grunge Rock
Guerrilla Girls
Guerrilla Theater
Guthrie, Woody
Hackers
Haight–Ashbury, San Francisco
Hair
Happenings
Hare Krishna
Harlem Renaissance
Harmonialism
Harmony Society
Harris, Thomas Lake
Hasidim and Hasidism
Hatch, Cora Scott
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
Haywood, William “Big Bill”
Health Foods
Heaven's Gate
Heavy Metal
Hecker, Isaac
Hefner, Hugh
Hells Angels
Hemingway, Ernest
Hendrix, Jimi
Heroin
Hester, Carolyn
Hip–Hop
Hippies
Hitchhiking
Hoffman, Abbie
Holiday, Billie
hooks, bell
Hopper, Dennis
Hot–Rodding
Houdini, Harry
Hughes, Langston
Hurston, Zora Neale
Hutchinson, Anne
Huxley, Aldous
Icarians
Indie Rock
Industrial Workers of the World
Ingersoll, Robert
Internet
James, C.L.R.
Jazz
Jefferson Airplane
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jemison, Mary
Jesus People
Jews
Jews for Jesus
John Birch Society
John Reed Clubs
Joplin, Janis
Kerouac, Jack
Kesey, Ken
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Kitchen, The
Knights of the Golden Circle
Ku Klux Klan
Kunstler, William
Latino and Latina Culture
Le Sueur, Meridel
Leary, Timothy
Lee, Ann
Lennon, John
Lesbian Culture
Liberator, The
Lippmann, Walter
Living Theatre
London, Jack
Los Angeles, California
Lost Generation
Lovecraft, H.P.
Love–Ins
Lowriders
LSD
Ludlow, Fitz Hugh
Luhan, Mabel Dodge
Lumpkin, Grace
Lyceum Movement
Macfadden, Bernarr
MAD
Madison, Wisconsin
Mafia
Magazines, Little
Magic and Magicians
Malcolm X
Manson Family
Mapplethorpe, Robert
Marcuse, Herbert
Marijuana
Masses, The
Mattachine Society
Max, Peter
MC5
McCarthy, Eugene
McCarthyism
McKenna, Terence
McLuhan, Marshall
McPherson, Aimee Semple
Me Decade
Media, Alternative
Medicine, Alternative
Medieval Reenactment
Menken, Adah Isaacs
Mennonites
Men's Movements
Merry Pranksters
Mesmerism
Millay, Edna St. Vincent
Miller, Henry
Miller, William
Mills, C. Wright
Mod
Mod Squad, The
Modern Times
Mole People
Moonies
Moore, Michael
Moravians
Mormonism
Morrison, Jim
Morrison, Toni
Morton, Thomas
Mother Jones
Movimiento Estudiantíl Chicano de Aztlán
Ms.
MTV
Nader, Ralph
Naropa University
Nation, The
National Lampoon
Native American Church
Native Americans
Neolin
New Age
New Left
New School, The
New Thought
Newport Folk Festival
Newton, Huey
Noyes, John Humphrey
Nudism and Nudist Colonies
Nuyorican Poets Café
N.W.A.
Oberlin College
O'Brien, Fitz–James
Ochs, Phil
O'Keeffe, Georgia
Omphalism
Oneida Community
O'Neill, Eugene
Onion, The
Organic Farming
Outsider Art
Outsider Music
Owen, Robert Dale
Pacifica Radio
Pacifism
Palahniuk, Chuck
Palmer, Phoebe
Patchen, Kenneth
Peace and Freedom Party
Pentecostalism
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Peoples Temple
Perfectionist Movement
Performance Art
Performance Space 122
Peter, Paul and Mary
Peyote
Pfaff's Cellar
Phish
Physical Culture Movement
Pilgrims
Piñero, Miguel
Pirate Radio
Pirsig, Robert M.
Poe, Edgar Allan
Polar Bear Clubs
Pop, Iggy
Pop Art
Populism
Pornography
Poster Art
Pound, Ezra
Presley, Elvis
Presses, Small Book
Priestley, Joseph
Prohibition
Provincetown Players
Pryor, Richard
Pseudoscience
Psychedelia
Psychobilly
Public Enemy
Pulp Fiction
Punk Rock
Puritans
Purple, Adam
Pynchon, Thomas
Quakers
Queer Nation
Radio
Ramones, The
Rand, Ayn
Randolph, A. Philip
Rankin, Jeannette
Rap Music
Rastafari Movement
Rave Culture
Ray, Man
Realist, The
Recycling
Reed, John
Reed, Lou
Regulators
Reich, Wilhelm
R.E.M.
Rexroth, Kenneth
Rice, Thomas Dartmouth
Riot Grrrl
Ripley, George
Rivers, Larry
Robbins, Tom
Robeson, Paul
Rock and Roll
Rocky Horror Picture Show, The
Role–Playing Games
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stones, The
Rowan & Martin's Laugh–In
Rubin, Jerry
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Salinger, J.D.
San Francisco, California
Sanger, Margaret
Santería
Saxton, Alexander P.
Schools, Alternative and Experimental
Science Fiction
Scientology
Seattle, Washington
Seeger, Pete
Settlement Houses
Seven Arts, The
Sex Trade and Prostitution
Sexual Revolution
Shakers
Shakur, Tupac
Simpsons, The
Sinclair, Upton
Ska
Skateboarders
Slang
Slave Culture
Sloan, John
Slow Movement
Smith, Joseph
Smith, Patti
Smoking, Tobacco
Smothers Brothers
Snoop Dogg
Snyder, Gary
Social Gospel
Socialism
South Park
Spiritualism
Spock, Benjamin
Sports
Squatters and Squatting
Stein, Gertrude
Straight Edge Culture
Streaking
Students for a Democratic Society
Studio 54
Suffragists
Surfing and Surfer Culture
Surrealists
Survivalists
Swedenborgianism
Talking Heads
Taos, New Mexico
Television
Temperance Movement
Theater, Alternative
Theosophy
Thoreau, Henry David
Tramps and Hoboes
Transcendental Meditation
Transcendentalism
Transsexuals
Transvestites
Trekkies
Turner, Nat
Twain, Mark
UFOs
Unabomber
Underground Railroad
Unitarianism
United Farm Workers
Universal Negro Improvement Association
Up Against the Wall Motherfucker
Utopianism
Vegetarianism
Venice, California
Vietnam War Protests
Village Voice, The
Volkswagen Beetle
Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr.
Voodoo, Hoodoo, and Conjure
Vorse, Mary Heaton
Ward, Nancy
Warhol, Andy
Waters, John
Watson, Thomas E.
Watts, Alan
Wavy Gravy
Weathermen
White Supremacists
Whitman, Walt
Whole Earth Catalog
Wilkinson, Jemima
Williams, Roger
Witchcraft and Wicca
Woodhull, Victoria
Woodstock Music and Art Fair
Woolman, John
Wright, Frances
Wright, Richard
X–Files, The
Yippies
Yoga
Young, Brigham
Zappa, Frank
Zines
Zoarites
Zoot–Suiters
Primary Documents
The Trial of Anne Hutchinson (1637)
John Woolman's Journal (1757)
Message by Nancy Ward to the Cherokee Council (1817)
The Confessions of Nat Turner (1832)
“Plan of the Roxbury Community” or Brook Farm (1842), Elizabeth Palmer Peabody
The Declaration of Sentiments, Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
“Where I Lived, and What I Lived For,” Walden (1854), Henry David Thoreau
Hand–Book of the Oneida Community (1867)
Woman's Christian Temperance Union “Do Everything” Policy (1893)
Speech at Founding Convention of the Industrial Workers of the World (1905), Eugene V. Debs
The Woman Rebel (1914), Margaret Sanger
“I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier” (1915)
“Anarchism: What It Really Stands For” (1917), Emma Goldman
Harlem Renaissance Poetry (1922)
House Committee on Un–American Activities, Testimony of Screenwriter Albert Maltz (1947)
Port Huron Statement (1962)
“I Have a Dream” (1963), Martin Luther King, Jr.
“The Times They Are A–Changin'” (1964), Bob Dylan
“An End to History” (1964), Mario Savio
Unsafe at Any Speed (1965), Ralph Nader
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Position Paper: On Vietnam (1966)
Black Panther Party Platform and Program (1966)
National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966)
“A Walk on the Wild Side of Stonewall” (1969), Robert Amsel
