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Gilded Age and Progressive Era (1877-1919)Edited by John D. Buenker and Joseph Buenker Includes: Topic Finder, thematic essays, A-Z entries, illustrations, sidebars, documents, chronology, master bibliography Awards: Best Reference, Library Journal Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Reviews: “This reference tool provides an excellent overview of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era and will allow high school students, undergraduates, and the general public to learn more about this exciting period of American history. It would make an excellent addition to high school media centers as well as to undergraduate and public libraries.” Library Journal “Here is an encyclopedia that accomplishes the rare feat of being focused, comprehensive, articulate, and accessible. ... A master bibliography ... integrates all entry bibliographies into an impressive, and perhaps unparalleled, knowledge base. ... [U]seful for ready reference, this encyclopedia’s greatest benefit is derived through in-depth exploration. ... A thorough chronology and meticulous indexing complement this superior work. ... Essential for all academic libraries, and highly recommended for large public libraries.” Booklist “[W]ith its pleasing, easy-to-read type, this encyclopedia is an indispensable reference source for all historical collections. Acquisitions librarians can be assured that readers of many different ages and educational levels will use it. Essential. Lower-level undergraduates and above; general readers.” Choice “Designed to fit high school curriculums, this guide will serve public library and undergraduate college collections.” Gale Reference Reviews Description: Extending from the 1870s to World War I, the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era mark a major turning point in American history. During this colorful and influential period, the United States was transformed from an isolated, rural, agricultural nation into an urban, industrial, multicultural world power. It was an era marked by bigness: Big Business, Big Labor, and big ideas. These forces changed people’s everyday lives as a technical revolution swept the country, giving birth to such inventions as the telephone, light bulb, automobile, airplane, radio, and motion pictures. It was an era punctuated by disasters such as the Chicago Fire, the Johnstown Flood, and the San Francisco Earthquake, as well as two presidential assassinations. The same era also gave us ragtime, vaudeville, Coney Island, and Major League Baseball. Symbolized by larger-than-life figures—Teddy Roosevelt, John D. Rockefeller, Mark Twain, Emma Goldman, and W.E.B. Du Bois, to name just a few—the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era set the stage for the United States to become the world’s industrial powerhouse and gave birth to the modern era. This illustrated encyclopedia provides definitive coverage of the social and cultural developments of the period, as well as its political and economic history. Edited by the distinguished historian John Buenker and librarian Joseph Buenker, the work features hundreds of detailed entries on issues, events, people, and ideas, and includes original documents, sidebar features, and in-depth essays on major themes and developments. Contents: Introduction: The Gilded Age and Progressive Era: 1877–1919 Primary Documents Chronology Abbott, Edith, and Grace Abbott Adams, Brooks Adams, Charles Francis Adams, Henry Adamson Eight-Hour Act (1916) Addams, Jane Adler, Felix African Americans (overview) Aldrich, Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich, Thomas Bailey Aldrich-Vreeland Currency Act (1908) Alger, Horatio Alien Land Law (1913) Alliance Movement Allison, William B. Altgeld, John Peter American Association for Labor Legislation American Association of University Professors American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union American Federation of Labor American Forestry Association American Free Trade League American Indians (overview) American Protective Association American Red Cross American Social Science Association American Society for Municipal Improvements American Society of Equity Americanization Amusement Parks Anarchists Anderson, Sherwood Angell, George T. Animal Protection Anthony, Susan B. Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902 Anti-Catholicism Anti-Imperialist League Anti-Monopoly Parties Anti-Saloon League Anti-Semitism Antismoking Movement Antitrust Legislation Anti-Unionism Antivice Crusades Armory Show (1913) Armour, Philip D. Arthur, Chester A. Art and Architecture (overview) Arts and Crafts Movement Asian Americans Atlanta Compromise (1895) Atlantic Monthly, The Australian Ballot Automobile Aviation Azusa Street Revival (1906–1909) Back to Africa Movement Back to the Farm Movement Bailey, Liberty Hyde Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Company (1922) Baker, Newton D. Baker, Ray Stannard Balch, Emily Greene Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy Barnum, Phineas T. Baruch, Bernard Mannes Baseball Basketball Baum, L. Frank Beard, Charles Austin Bell, Alexander Graham Bellamy, Edward Berger, Victor, and Meta Berger Bergh, Henry Beveridge, Albert Jeremiah Bierce, Ambrose Birth of a Nation (1915) Black Elk Black Sox Scandal Blaine, James G. Blanc, Marie-Therese (Theodore Bentzon) Bland-Allison Act (1878) Blatch, Harriot Stanton Bliss, William D.P. Bly, Nellie Boas, Franz Bok, Edward William Bonnin, Gertrude Borah, William E. Boston Police Strike (1919) Bourbons Bourne, Randolph Boxer Rebellion (1900) Boy Scouts of America Brady, “Diamond Jim” Brandeis, Louis Dembitz Breckenridge, Madeline McDowell Breckenridge, Sophonisba Brisbane, Arthur Brooklyn Bridge Brooks, Van Wyck Brown, Olympia Brownsville Affair (1906) Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Company (1916) Bryan, William Jennings Bryce, James Buffalo Soldiers Bunting v. Oregon (1917) Burbank, Luther Bureau of Corporations, United States Bureau of Municipal Research Burleson, Albert Sidney Burnham, Daniel Hudson Burns, Lucy Butler, Nicholas Murray Cable, George Washington Cahan, Abraham Camp, Walter Canadian Reciprocity Cannon, Joseph G. Carnegie, Andrew Carver, George Washington Cassatt, Mary Cather, Willa Catt, Carrie Chapman Cattell, James McKeen Chain Stores Chandler, William E. Chaplin, Charles Charity Organization Societies Chautauqua Movement Chicago School of Sociology Child Labor Legislation Child Saving Children and Youth (overview) Children’s Bureau, United States Childs, Richard S. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Churchill, Winston Circuses City Beautiful City Manager City Planning Civil Rights Cases (1883) Civil Service Reform Clark, James Beauchamp “Champ” Clark, John Bates Clay, Laura Cleveland, Grover Coal Mining Safety Legislation Cobb, Tyrus Raymond Cochise Cody, William Frederick “Buffalo Bill” Colby, Clara Bewick Collective Bargaining Colored Farmers’ Alliance Columbian Exposition (1893) Commission Form of Municipal Government Commission on Country Life Commission on Industrial Relations Commission on Interracial Cooperation Committee on Public Information Commons, John R. Compromise of 1877 Comstock, Anthony Conkling, Roscoe Conscientious Objectors Conservation Constitutional Amendments Contract Labor Convict Lease System Cooke, Jay Cooley, Charles Horton Cooling-Off Treaties Cooper, Peter Cooperative Movement Corbett, James Corliss Engine Corporation Excise Tax Act (1909) Corrupt Practices Laws Cotton Futures Act (1914) Council of National Defense Country Life Movement Cox, James Middleton Coxey, Jacob S. Crane, Caroline Bartlett Crane, Stephen Crazy Horse Creel, George Cripple Creek Strike Crisis, The Croker, Richard Croly, Herbert Cummins, Albert Baird Dana, Charles Anderson Daniels, Josephus Darrow, Clarence S. Darwinism Davis, Richard Harding Dawes, Henry Laurens Dawes Severalty Act (1887) De Forest, Lee De Leon, Daniel DeBernardi, Giovanni Battista Debs, Eugene V. Dell, Floyd Department of Commerce and Labor Department Stores Depression of the1890s Dewey, John Dewey, Melvil DeWitt, Benjamin Parke Disfranchisement Divorce Dixon, Thomas, Jr. Dodd, William Edward Dollar Diplomacy Donnelly, Ignatius Dorr, Rheta Childe Douglass, Frederick Dowie, John Alexander Dreier, Mary Elizabeth Dreiser, Theodore Du Bois, W.E.B. Duke, James Buchanan Dunbar, Paul Laurence Dunne, Edward F. Dunne, Finley Peter Durant, William C. Eastman, Charles Alexander (Ohiyesa) Eastman, Crystal Eastman, George Eastman, Max Economy, The (overview) Eddy, Mary Baker Edison, Thomas Alva Education Efficiency Eight-Hour Workday Einstein, Albert Election of 1876 Election of 1880 Election of 1884 Election of 1888 Election of 1892 Election of 1896 Election of 1900 Election of 1904 Election of 1908 Election of 1912 Election of 1916 Election of 1920 Elections, At-Large Elections, Nonpartisan Elections, Primary Eliot, Charles W. Elkins Act (1903) Ely, Richard T. Espionage Act (1917) Eugenics Everybody’s Magazine Fairbanks, Charles W. Farmers’ Union Federal Aid Road Act (1916) Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) Federal Reserve Act (1913) Federal Trade Commission Field, Marshall Field, Stephen J. Filene, Edward Albert Fisher, Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Irving Flint v. Stone Tracy Company (1911) Flower, B.O. Folk, Joseph Wingate Food Administration, United States Football Ford, Henry Ford, Henry Jones Foreign and International Relations (overview) Forest Service, United States Fortune, T. Thomas Foundations Frank, Leo Max Freud, Sigmund Freund, Ernst Frick, Henry Clay Frost, Robert Fuel Administration Fundamentalism Gale, Zona Galveston Hurricane (1900) Garden City Movement Garfield, James A. Garfield, James R. Garland, Hamlin Garner, John Nance Garvey, Marcus Gary, Elbert H. Gary Plan Gaston, Lucy General Federation of Women’s Clubs General Slocum Gentlemen’s Agreement (1908) George, Henry Geronimo Gerry, Elbridge T., III Ghost Dance Gibbons, James Gibbs, Josiah Willard Gilman, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Daniel Coit Girl Scouts of America Gladden, Washington Glass, Carter Godkin, Edwin L. Goldman, Emma Goldmark, Josephine Clara Gompers, Samuel Gompers v. Buck’s Stove and Range Company (1911) Good Roads Movement Goodnow, Frank Johnson Gospel of Wealth Gould, Jay Government (overview) Grand Army of the Republic Granger Laws Grant, Madison Great Strike of 1877 Greenback Party Griffith, David Wark Haley, Margaret A. Hall, G. Stanley Hall, Prescott Farnsworth Hamilton, Alice Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) Hancock, Winfield Scott Handy, W.C. Hanna, Marcus Alonzo Hard, William Harding, Warren G. Harlan, John Marshall Harmon, Judson Harper, Ida Husted Harper, William Rainey Harper’s Weekly Harriman, Edward Henry Harriman, W. Averell Harris, Joel Chandler Harris, William Torrey Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, Carter Henry, I, and Carter Henry Harrison II Harvey, George Hawaiian Annexation (1898) Hay, John Hayes, Rutherford B. Haymarket Affair (1886) Haywood, William Dudley Health Insurance Legislation Hearst, William Randolph Hendrick, Burton Jesse Henri, Robert Hepburn Act (1906) Herron, George D. Hickok, James Butler “Wild Bill” Hill, James J. Hillquit, Morris Hine, Lewis Hitchcock, Gilbert Hoar, George Frisbie Holden v. Hardy (1898) Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr. Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Sr. Home Rule Homer, Winslow Homestead Strike Homosexuality Hoover, Herbert Houdini, Harry House, Edward Mandell Housing Reform Howe, Frederic C. Howells, William Dean Hughes, Charles Evans Hull, Cordell Hunt, Richard Morris Hunter, Robert Huntington, Henry E. Ickes, Harold L. Immigrants’ Protective League Immigration and Ethnicity (overview) Immigration Commission, United States Immigration Restriction Immigration Restriction League Imperialism Income Tax, Federal Indian Boarding Schools Industrial Commission, United States Industrial Democracy Industrial Workers of the World Influenza Pandemic of 1918 Ingersoll, Robert G. Initiative Institutional Economics Insull, Samuel Insurance Companies, Regulation of International Council of Women (1888) International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union Interstate Commerce Law Interurban Railways Ireland, John Irrigation Ives, Charles E. Jackson, Helen Hunt James, Henry James, William Jameson, John Franklin Johnson, Hiram W. Johnson, Jack Johnson, Tom Loftin Johnson, Walter Johnstown Flood (1889) Jolson, Al Jones, Mother Jones, Samuel M. Joplin, Scott Jordan, David Starr Joseph, Chief Junior Republics Juvenile Courts Kallen, Horace M. Keating-Owen Act (1916) Keller, Helen Keller v. United States (1909) Kelley, Florence Kelley, Oliver H. Kellogg, Paul Underwood Kellor, Frances Alice Kern-McGillicuddy Act (1916) Knapp, Seaman Asahel Knights of Labor Knox, Philander C. La Flesche, Francis La Follette, Belle Case La Follette, Robert, Sr. La Follette’s Magazine La Follette’s Seaman’s Act (1915) Labor and Industrial Relations (overview) Labor Legislation, State Landis, Kenesaw Mountain Lathrop, Julia Clifford Lauck, William Jett Lawrence Textile Strike (1912) Lawson, Thomas W. Lazarus, Emma League of Nations Lease, Mary Elizabeth Legislative Reference Library Leisure and Popular Culture (overview) Lenin, Vladimir I. Lenroot, Irvine L. Lewis, Sinclair Lewis, William Henry Liberty Loans Libraries, Public Lincoln, Robert Todd Lincoln County Wars Lincoln-Roosevelt League Lindberg, Charles A. Lindsey, Benjamin Barr Lippmann, Walter Literature (overview) Little Bighorn, Battle of the (1876) Lloyd, Henry Demarest Lochner v. New York (1905) Lodge, Henry Cabot Loewe v. Lawlor (1908) London, Jack London, Meyer Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock (1903) Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904) Lovejoy, Owen R. Low, Seth Lowden, Frank Orren Lowell, Abbott Lawrence Lowell, James Russell Ludlow Massacre (1914) Lusk Committee Lynching Macfadden, Bernarr Macune, Charles W. Magazines, Mass Circulation Mahan, Alfred Thayer Mail-Order Catalogs Maine Mann Act (1910) Mann-Elkins Act (1910) Markham, Edwin Marshall, Thomas R. Masses, The Masters, Edgar Lee Mayo, Charles H., and William J. Mayo McAdoo, William Gibbs McCarthy, Charles McClatchy, C.K. McClure, Samuel S. McCormick, Cyrus Hall McDowell, Mary Eliza McGovern, Francis E. McKelway, Alexander J. McKinley, William McReynolds, James Clark Mead, George Herbert Meat Inspection Act (1906) Mellon, Andrew W. Mental Hygiene Michelson, Albert Abraham Military Reform Minnesota Rate Case Mitchell, John Mobile Pledge Modernism Molly Maguires Moody, Dwight L. Morgan, John Pierpont Moskowitz, Henry, and Belle Lindner Moskowitz Most, Johann Mothers’ Pensions Acts Motion Pictures Muckraking Mugwumps Muir, John Muller v. Oregon (1908) Municipal Bath Movement Municipal Housekeeping Municipal Ownership of Utilities Munsey, Frank Murphy, Charles Francis Murphy, Edgar Gardner Museums and Historic Sites Music (overview) Nast, Thomas National Afro-American League National American Woman Suffrage Association National Association for the Advancement of Colored People National Association of Manufacturers National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage National Board of Farm Organizations National Catholic Welfare Council National Child Labor Committee National Citizens League National Civic Federation National Conference on Charities and Corrections National Consumers League National Education Association National Housing Association National Industrial Conference Board National Labor Union National Monetary Commission National Municipal League National Negro Business League National Park Service, United States National Progressive Republican League National Security League National Tax Association National War Labor Board, United States National Woman’s Party National Women’s Trade Union League Naturalism Nearing, Scott Neighborhood Idea Neutrality New Freedom New Nationalism New South New York State Factory Investigating Commission Newell, Frederick Haynes Newlands, Francis G. Newspapers, Mass Circulation Nonpartisan League Norris, Frank Norris, George William North American Civic League for Immigrants Northern Securities Company v. United States (1904) Norton, Charles Eliot Ochs, Adolph S. O’Hare, Kate Richards O’Keeffe, Georgia Olmsted, Frederick Law, Jr. Olmsted, Frederick Law, Sr. Olney, Richard Open Door Policy O’Reilly, Lenora Oshkosh, Reginald Ostrogorski, Moisei Yakovlevich O’Sullivan, Mary Kenney Ouimet, Francis Ovington, Mary White Page, Thomas Nelson Page, Walter Hines Page Act (1875) Palmer, Alexander Mitchell Panama Canal Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915) Pan-American Exposition (1901) Panic of 1907 Park, Maud Wood Parker, Alton Brooks Parker, Quanah Paterson Textile Strike (1913) Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange) Patten, Simon N. Paul, Alice Peace Movement Peirce, Charles S. Penal Reform Penney, J.C. Penrose, Boies Pentecostalism People’s Party (Populists) Perkins, Frances Perkins, George W. Pershing, John Joseph Phelan, James D. Phillips, David Graham Phillips, Ulrich B. Pickford, Mary Pinchot, Amos R.E. Pinchot, Gifford Pingree, Hazen S. Pittsburgh Survey (1907) Platt, Thomas Collier Platt Amendment (1902) Playground Association of America Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Plumb Plan (1919) Plunkitt, George W. Poe, Clarence Poindexter, Miles Police Reform Political Machines Politics (overview) Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company (1895) Polygamy Pomerene, Atlee Post, Louis Freeland Postal Savings Banks Pound, Roscoe Powderly, Terence V. Powell, John Wesley Pragmatism Pratt, Richard Henry Preparedness Preservation Societies Professional Associations Progressive Party Prohibition Psychiatry Public Health Movement Public Utility Regulation Pujo Committee Pulitzer, Joseph Pullman, George M. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Quay, Matthew S. Quintasket, Christine Race Riots Railroad Regulation, Federal Randolph, A. Philip Rankin, Jeannette Rauschenbusch, Walter Readjuster Movement Realism Recall Reclamation Act (1902) Record, George L. Red Scare Redeemers Reed, James A. Reed, John Reed, Thomas Brackett Reed, Walter Referendum Religion (overview) Remington, Frederic Revivalism Richards, Ellen Henrietta Swallow Riis, Jacob August Robber Barons Robins, Raymond, and Margaret Dreier Robins Robinson, Edwin Arlington Robinson, James Harvey Rockefeller, John D. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt Corollary Root, Elihu Rosenwald, Julius Ross, Edward A. Royce, Josiah Rural Free Delivery Rural Post Road Act (1916) Russell, Charles Edward Russell, Lillian Ruth, George Herman “Babe” Ryan, John A. Sabath, Adolph Joseph Sabbatarianism Saint-Gaudens, Augustus Salvation Army San Francisco Earthquake (1906) Sanger, Margaret Santayana, George Sargent, John Singer Schneiderman, Rose Schofield, John M. School and Society Schurz, Carl Schwab, Charles M. Scientific Management Scudder, (Julia) Vida Dutton Sears, Roebuck and Company Seattle General Strike (1919) Sedition Act (1918) Segregation Selective Service Seligman, Edwin R.A. Sewall, May Wright Seymour, William Joseph Sharecropping Shaw, Albert Shaw, Anna Howard Sheldon, Charles M. Sheppard-Towner Act (1921) Sherman, John Sherman, William T. Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890) Shipping Act of 1916 Short Ballot Sierra Club Simkhovitch, Mary Melinda Kingsbury Simons, Algie Martin, and May Wood Simons Sinclair, Upton Singer, Isaac Merritt Single-Tax Movement Sitting Bull Sloan, John Small, Albion W. Smith, Alfred Emanuel Smith, Hoke Smith, J. Allen Smith-Hughes Act (1917) Smith-Lever Act (1914) Smoot, Reed Social Engineering Social Gospel Social Hygiene Social Insurance Social Settlements Socialism Socialist Labor Party Socialist Party of America Sociological Jurisprudence Southern Sociological Congress Spalding, Albert G. Spanish-American War Spargo, John Spencer, Herbert Spillman, William Jasper Square Deal Standard Oil Standing Bear, Luther Stanton, Elizabeth Cady Starr, Ellen Gates Stead, William T. Steel Steel Strike of 1919 Steffens, (Joseph) Lincoln Steichen, Edward Stieglitz, Alfred Stimson, Henry Louis Stokes, James Graham Phelps, and Rose Pastor Stokes Straight, Willard D. Straus, Oscar S. Street Railways Strong, Josiah Sullivan, John L. Sullivan, Louis H. Sullivan, Mark Sulzer, William Sumner, William Graham Sunday, Billy Supreme Court, U.S. Survey, The Sweatshops Swift, Gustavus Franklin Swift and Company v. United States (1905) Taft, William Howard Taggart, Thomas Tammany Hall Tarbell, Ida Minerva Tariff Reform Tax Reform, State Taylor, Frederick W. Technology and Systematization (overview) Telegraph Telephone Teller Amendment (1898) Terman, Lewis M. Terrell, Mary Church Thomas, William Hannibal Thorndike, Edward Lee Thorpe, Jim “Bright Path” Tiffany, Louis Comfort Tillman, Benjamin R. Tin Pan Alley Titanic Track and Field Tramps Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition (1898) Transportation Act (1920) Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (1911) Trotter, William Monroe Tumulty, Joseph P. Turner, Frederick Jackson Turner, Henry McNeal Tuskegee Institute Twain, Mark Tweed, William “Boss” Underwood, Oscar Wilder Uneeda Biscuit Company Unemployment Union Labor Party Unions, Trade and Labor United Fruit Company United Mine Workers of America United States v. American Tobacco Company (1911) United States v. United States Steel Corporation (1920) Urban League Urbanization (overview) U’Ren, William S. Van Hise, Charles R. Vanderbilt, Cornelius Vardaman, James K. Vaudeville Veblen, Thorstein B. Veiller, Lawrence Turnure Villard, Oswald Garrison Wages and Hours Legislation Wagner, John Peter “Honus” Wagner, Robert F. Walker, Francis A. Walker, Madam C. J. Walker, Moses Fleetwood Wallace, Henry Cantwell Walsh, David Ignatius Walsh, Francis P. Wanamaker, John War Industries Board, United States Ward, Lester Frank Warehouse Act (1916) Warner, Charles Dudley Washington, Booker T. Watson, Thomas Edward Weaver, James Baird Webb-Kenyon Act (1913) Webb-Pomerene Act (1918) Weber, Adna Ferrin Wells, David A. Wells-Barnett, Ida Bell Westinghouse, George Weyerhauser, Frederick Weyl, Walter Edward Wharton, Edith Wheeler, Burton K. Whistler, James McNeill White, Caroline Earle White, Edward Douglass White, Sue Shelton White, William Allen Whitlock, Brand Whitman, Walt Wiley, Harvey W. Willard, Frances Elizabeth Caroline Wilson v. New (1917) Wilson, William Bauchop Wilson, Woodrow Wise, Stephen S. Wister, Owen Woman Suffrage Woman’s Christian Temperance Union Woman’s Peace Party Women and Gender (overview) Women’s Protective Legislation Wood, Leonard Woodcraft Indians Woods, Robert Archey Woodson, Carter G. Working Girls’ Clubs Workmen’s Compensation World War I Wounded Knee (1890) Wright, Carroll Davidson Wright, Frank Lloyd Wright, Orville, and Wilbur Wright Yellow Journalism Yellow-Dog Contract Yerkes, Charles Tyson Young Men’s Christian Association Young, Denton True “Cy” Ziegfeld, Florenz, Jr. Zionism Primary Documents Treaties and Foreign Policy Declarations Invitation to Pan-American Conference (1881) The Independence of Cuba (1898) Annexation of Hawaii (1898) William McKinley’s Message on the Philippines (1898) Treaty of Peace with Spain (1898) Senator Beveridge Advocates Imperialism (1899) Open Door Policy (1899) Platt Amendment (1902) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904) President Roosevelt’s Letter to Senator Henry Cabot Lodge on Japan (1905) Root-Takahira Agreement (1908) Gentlemen’s Agreement on Japanese Immigration (1908) Report of the United States Commission on Immigration (1911) President Taft Proclaims “Dollar Diplomacy” (1912) President Wilson’s Mobile Pledge (1913) President Wilson’s Special Message on Mexican Relations (1913) President Wilson’s Panama Canal Tolls Message (1914) President Wilson’s Appeal for Neutrality (1914) Secretary of State Bryan’s Note on the Sinking of the Lusitania (1915) American Occupation of Haiti (1916) The Sussex Pledge (1916) Zimmermann Note (1917) President Wilson’s Peace Without Victory Speech (1917) President Wilson Asks for Declaration of War (1917) Senator Norris Opposes American Intervention in World War I (1917) Lansing-Ishii Agreement (1917) President Wilson’s Fourteen Points (1918) Archangel Expedition Aide-Memoire (1918) President Wilson Advocates the League of Nations (1919) Senator Lodge Opposes the League of Nations (1919) Political Statements Speech of Senator Blanche K. Bruce to the U.S. Senate (1876) President Chester A. Arthur’s Proclamation on Civil Service (1883) William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” Speech (1896) President Theodore Roosevelt Advocates the Conservation of Natural Resources (1907) Appeal of Seven Governors to Theodore Roosevelt (1912) Roosevelt’s Response to Seven Governors (1912) Theodore Roosevelt Proclaims the “New Nationalism” (1912) Pujo Committee Report: Concentration of Control in Banking and Credit (1912) First Inaugural Address of President Wilson (1913) United States Commission on Industrial Relations: Concentration of Control in Industry (1915) President Wilson’s Appeal to the Voters to Return a Democratic Congress (1918) Warren G. Harding Proposes a Return to “Normalcy” (1920) Political Party Platforms Greenback Party (1884) Anti-Monopoly Party (1884) Prohibition Party (1884) Union Labor Party (1888) Socialist Labor Party (1892) People’s Party Platform (1892) Republican Party of Wisconsin Platform (1912) Socialist Party Platform (1912) Progressive Party Platform (1912) Acts of Congress and Constitutional Amendments Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Interstate Commerce Act (1887) Dawes Severalty Act (1887) Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) United States Constitution, Article XIV (1913) United States Constitution, Article XVII (1913) Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) Adamson Eight-Hour Act (1916) Immigration Literacy Act (1917) Espionage Act (1917) Sedition Act (1918) Railway Administration Act (1918) Child Labor Act (1919) Volstead Act (1919) United States Constitution, Article XVIII (1919) United States Constitution, Article XIX (1920) Court Decisions Munn v. Illinois (1877) Civil Rights Cases (1883) Ex parte Yarbrough (1884) In re Jacobs (1885) Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company (1895) United States v. E.C. Knight Company (1895) In re Debs (1895) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Northern Securities Company v. United States (1904) Lochner v. New York (1905) Adair v. United States (1908) Muller v. Oregon (1908) Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States (1911) Bunting v. Oregon (1917) Wilson v. New (1917) Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) Schenck v. United States (1919) Abrams v. United States (1919) Declarations and Principles of Organizations Knights of Labor Platform (1878) Eight-Hour Association Declaration of Principles (1886) American Federation of Labor (1887) American Economic Association Platform (1887) Farmers’ Alliance Ocala Demands (1890) Woman’s Christian Temperance Union “Do Everything” Policy (1893) Anti-Imperialist League Platform (1899) National Association of Manufacturers Declaration of Principles (1903) National Association of Colored Women (1904) National American Woman Suffrage Association Declaration of Principles (1904) Niagara Movement Declaration of Principles (1905) Industrial Workers of the World Manifesto (1905) National Progressive Republican League Declaration of Principles (1911) International Congress of Women Manifesto (1915) |
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